Lead in ancient human bones and its relevance to historical developments of social problems with lead
Identifieur interne : 000F14 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000F13; suivant : 000F15Lead in ancient human bones and its relevance to historical developments of social problems with lead
Auteurs : C. C. Patterson [États-Unis] ; H. Shirahata [Japon] ; J. E. Ericson [États-Unis]Source :
- Science of the Total Environment [ 0048-9697 ] ; 1987.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Ahlgren, Algal surfaces, Alkyl, Alloy, Ancient bones, Ancient peruvians, Ancient population, Ancient populations, Anthropogenic aerosols, Anthropological studies, Apatite, Archaeological records, Artistic temperament, Average crustal rock, Barium, Benthic plants, Biochemical processes, Biosphere, Body burdens, Bone samples, Bones, Bony tissues, Brain cell level, Bronze swords, Burial site, Cell membranes, Cellular level, Chemical compositions, City rats, Contamination, Contemporary humans, Contemporary people, Continental shelves, Corrections, Crustal, Crustal rock, Cultural changes, Deposition fluxes, Diagenetic, Diagenetic additions, Diagenetic curve, Diagenetic effects, Different populations, Different types, Early developments, Earth planet, Eastern mediterrania, Economic chaos, Ecosystem, Elia, Enamel, Engineering development, Engineering technologies, Environ, Environmental factors, Environmental protection agency, Eolian inputs, Ericson, Excessive amounts, Flegal, Food cans, Food chain components, Food chain relationships, Food chains, Food containers, General case, Genetic basis, Gilfillan, Global, Global mass, Global scale, Grandjean, Great empire, Green wine, Health service, Hemispheric scale, Higher centers, Human bone, Human brain, Human cultures, Human diets, Human populations, Human tissues, Humans, Humus, Industrial aerosols, Industrial pollution, Industrial revolution, Industrial sources, Industrial technologies, Initial stages, Intermediate depths, Isotope, Isotopic, Isotopic composition, Isotopic compositions, Jaworowski, Large difference, Large quantities, Late generations, Leaf surfaces, Lower curve, Main mass, Mammal, Marine curve, Marine ecosystems, Marine plants, Medical community, Medieval times, Metabolic, Metabolic ratio, Metallurgical, Metallurgical development, Metallurgical engineering, Metallurgical engineers, Modern people, National academy, National research council, Nato conference series, Natural level, Natural levels, Natural ratio, Natural ratios, Northern hemisphere, Northern westerlies, Nriagu, Nutrient, Nutrient media, Occupational hazard, Open oceans, Organic fraction, Other countries, Other hand, Other types, Oxide minerals, Passive chelation, Pathway, Patterson, People today, Peruvian, Peruvian data, Peruvian diagenetic curve, Plant mass, Plenum press, Poisoning, Polluted, Positive transport, Prehistoric, Preindustrial times, Present forms, Primary consumers, Primary producer plants, Public health, Reduction smelting, Regional differences, Remote ecosystems, Remote lands, Remote regions, Roman aristocracy, Roman aristocrats, Roman bones, Rural rats, Sample collection, Sapa, Schaule, Schroeder, Scientific knowledge, Sediment, Simulation blanks, Skeletal concentrations, Smelting, Social institutions, Social problems, Soil moisture, Solar system, Southern hemisphere, Successive generations, Sulfide ores, Technological solution, Technological solutions, Terrestrial, Terrestrial ecosystems, Terrestrial food chains, Terrestrial plants, Terrestrial vertebrates, Tooth enamel, Total environ, Trace elements, Trace metals, Typical levels, Ultimate consumers, Upper curve, Urban areas, Urban regions, Vertebra bones, Waldron, Western cultures, World view.
- Teeft :
- Ahlgren, Algal surfaces, Alkyl, Alloy, Ancient bones, Ancient peruvians, Ancient population, Ancient populations, Anthropogenic aerosols, Anthropological studies, Apatite, Archaeological records, Artistic temperament, Average crustal rock, Barium, Benthic plants, Biochemical processes, Biosphere, Body burdens, Bone samples, Bones, Bony tissues, Brain cell level, Bronze swords, Burial site, Cell membranes, Cellular level, Chemical compositions, City rats, Contamination, Contemporary humans, Contemporary people, Continental shelves, Corrections, Crustal, Crustal rock, Cultural changes, Deposition fluxes, Diagenetic, Diagenetic additions, Diagenetic curve, Diagenetic effects, Different populations, Different types, Early developments, Earth planet, Eastern mediterrania, Economic chaos, Ecosystem, Elia, Enamel, Engineering development, Engineering technologies, Environ, Environmental factors, Environmental protection agency, Eolian inputs, Ericson, Excessive amounts, Flegal, Food cans, Food chain components, Food chain relationships, Food chains, Food containers, General case, Genetic basis, Gilfillan, Global, Global mass, Global scale, Grandjean, Great empire, Green wine, Health service, Hemispheric scale, Higher centers, Human bone, Human brain, Human cultures, Human diets, Human populations, Human tissues, Humans, Humus, Industrial aerosols, Industrial pollution, Industrial revolution, Industrial sources, Industrial technologies, Initial stages, Intermediate depths, Isotope, Isotopic, Isotopic composition, Isotopic compositions, Jaworowski, Large difference, Large quantities, Late generations, Leaf surfaces, Lower curve, Main mass, Mammal, Marine curve, Marine ecosystems, Marine plants, Medical community, Medieval times, Metabolic, Metabolic ratio, Metallurgical, Metallurgical development, Metallurgical engineering, Metallurgical engineers, Modern people, National academy, National research council, Nato conference series, Natural level, Natural levels, Natural ratio, Natural ratios, Northern hemisphere, Northern westerlies, Nriagu, Nutrient, Nutrient media, Occupational hazard, Open oceans, Organic fraction, Other countries, Other hand, Other types, Oxide minerals, Passive chelation, Pathway, Patterson, People today, Peruvian, Peruvian data, Peruvian diagenetic curve, Plant mass, Plenum press, Poisoning, Polluted, Positive transport, Prehistoric, Preindustrial times, Present forms, Primary consumers, Primary producer plants, Public health, Reduction smelting, Regional differences, Remote ecosystems, Remote lands, Remote regions, Roman aristocracy, Roman aristocrats, Roman bones, Rural rats, Sample collection, Sapa, Schaule, Schroeder, Scientific knowledge, Sediment, Simulation blanks, Skeletal concentrations, Smelting, Social institutions, Social problems, Soil moisture, Solar system, Southern hemisphere, Successive generations, Sulfide ores, Technological solution, Technological solutions, Terrestrial, Terrestrial ecosystems, Terrestrial food chains, Terrestrial plants, Terrestrial vertebrates, Tooth enamel, Total environ, Trace elements, Trace metals, Typical levels, Ultimate consumers, Upper curve, Urban areas, Urban regions, Vertebra bones, Waldron, Western cultures, World view.
Abstract
Abstract: Concentrations of metabolic lead in buried ancient bones are obscured by replacement of calcium in apatite by excessive amounts of soil moisture Pb. Concentrations of metabolic barium in bones are affected in a similar way. Added soil Pb and Ba, expressed as log(PbCa) versus log(BaCa) among various bones at a given burial site, are positively covariant, with about 5-fold more soil Pb added for each unit of added soil Ba. The typical natural metabolic BaCa ratio in contemporary people can be measured unambiguously because it as unaffected by industrial pollution. It applies to ancient people because it has not changed historically. The intercept of the covariance curve for buried bones of a given ancient population at the known metabolic BaCa ratio indexes the corresponding metabolic PbCa ratio in bones of that population. Lead levels which prevailed in Romans appear to have been similar to those in contemporary people, which are ∼ 1000-fold above natural levels in humans determined by this method in ancient Peruvians. This indicates that studies of natural biochemical reactions in cells free of industrial Pb should be made, because most present biochemical knowledge is founded on data obtained from systems polluted with Ph 1000 to 100000-fold above natural levels. The 5000 year history of smelting Pb by humans indicates that a system of education fostered by genetically common lower brain center functions operated on hundreds of successive generations in a context of cultural changes invoked by feedback from developments in engineering technologies to give rise to the difference between present typical and prehistoric natural levels of Pb in humans. Archaeological and anthropological studies of early developments in writing, music and metallurgy by ancient Peruvians and Persian peoples should be combined with PET-scan studies of their descendants to discover if, as preliminary archaeological data suggest, the two ancient populations differed on a genetic basis in higher brain functions, yet are indistinguishable as metallurgical engineers. This would demonstrate that higher centers of the human brain did not exercise guiding control, through hundreds of generations, over those developments of engineering technologies which resulted in the extreme pollution of the earth's biosphere with poisonous Pb.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(87)90366-4
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Istex, to step Corpus: 000F45
- to stream Istex, to step Curation: 000B66
- to stream Istex, to step Checkpoint: 000C50
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 000F18
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 000F14
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title>Lead in ancient human bones and its relevance to historical developments of social problems with lead</title>
<author><name sortKey="Patterson, C C" sort="Patterson, C C" uniqKey="Patterson C" first="C. C." last="Patterson">C. C. Patterson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shirahata, H" sort="Shirahata, H" uniqKey="Shirahata H" first="H." last="Shirahata">H. Shirahata</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ericson, J E" sort="Ericson, J E" uniqKey="Ericson J" first="J. E." last="Ericson">J. E. Ericson</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno>
<idno type="RBID">ISTEX:551CC9128AD23CD7E327CCB9FD54CF7E246C30BF</idno>
<date when="1987" year="1987">1987</date>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/0048-9697(87)90366-4</idno>
<idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/551CC9128AD23CD7E327CCB9FD54CF7E246C30BF/fulltext/pdf</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000F45</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000F45</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">000B66</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Checkpoint">000C50</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000C50</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0048-9697:1987:Patterson C:lead:in:ancient</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000F18</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000F14</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000F14</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Lead in ancient human bones and its relevance to historical developments of social problems with lead</title>
<author><name sortKey="Patterson, C C" sort="Patterson, C C" uniqKey="Patterson C" first="C. C." last="Patterson">C. C. Patterson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shirahata, H" sort="Shirahata, H" uniqKey="Shirahata H" first="H." last="Shirahata">H. Shirahata</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1, Mizumoto, Muroran, Hokkaido 050</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hokkaido 050</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ericson, J E" sort="Ericson, J E" uniqKey="Ericson J" first="J. E." last="Ericson">J. E. Ericson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Program in Social Ecology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series><title level="j">Science of the Total Environment</title>
<title level="j" type="abbrev">STOTEN</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0048-9697</idno>
<imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher>
<date type="published" when="1987">1987</date>
<biblScope unit="volume">61</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="supplement">C</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="167">167</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="200">200</biblScope>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">0048-9697</idno>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0048-9697</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Ahlgren</term>
<term>Algal surfaces</term>
<term>Alkyl</term>
<term>Alloy</term>
<term>Ancient bones</term>
<term>Ancient peruvians</term>
<term>Ancient population</term>
<term>Ancient populations</term>
<term>Anthropogenic aerosols</term>
<term>Anthropological studies</term>
<term>Apatite</term>
<term>Archaeological records</term>
<term>Artistic temperament</term>
<term>Average crustal rock</term>
<term>Barium</term>
<term>Benthic plants</term>
<term>Biochemical processes</term>
<term>Biosphere</term>
<term>Body burdens</term>
<term>Bone samples</term>
<term>Bones</term>
<term>Bony tissues</term>
<term>Brain cell level</term>
<term>Bronze swords</term>
<term>Burial site</term>
<term>Cell membranes</term>
<term>Cellular level</term>
<term>Chemical compositions</term>
<term>City rats</term>
<term>Contamination</term>
<term>Contemporary humans</term>
<term>Contemporary people</term>
<term>Continental shelves</term>
<term>Corrections</term>
<term>Crustal</term>
<term>Crustal rock</term>
<term>Cultural changes</term>
<term>Deposition fluxes</term>
<term>Diagenetic</term>
<term>Diagenetic additions</term>
<term>Diagenetic curve</term>
<term>Diagenetic effects</term>
<term>Different populations</term>
<term>Different types</term>
<term>Early developments</term>
<term>Earth planet</term>
<term>Eastern mediterrania</term>
<term>Economic chaos</term>
<term>Ecosystem</term>
<term>Elia</term>
<term>Enamel</term>
<term>Engineering development</term>
<term>Engineering technologies</term>
<term>Environ</term>
<term>Environmental factors</term>
<term>Environmental protection agency</term>
<term>Eolian inputs</term>
<term>Ericson</term>
<term>Excessive amounts</term>
<term>Flegal</term>
<term>Food cans</term>
<term>Food chain components</term>
<term>Food chain relationships</term>
<term>Food chains</term>
<term>Food containers</term>
<term>General case</term>
<term>Genetic basis</term>
<term>Gilfillan</term>
<term>Global</term>
<term>Global mass</term>
<term>Global scale</term>
<term>Grandjean</term>
<term>Great empire</term>
<term>Green wine</term>
<term>Health service</term>
<term>Hemispheric scale</term>
<term>Higher centers</term>
<term>Human bone</term>
<term>Human brain</term>
<term>Human cultures</term>
<term>Human diets</term>
<term>Human populations</term>
<term>Human tissues</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Humus</term>
<term>Industrial aerosols</term>
<term>Industrial pollution</term>
<term>Industrial revolution</term>
<term>Industrial sources</term>
<term>Industrial technologies</term>
<term>Initial stages</term>
<term>Intermediate depths</term>
<term>Isotope</term>
<term>Isotopic</term>
<term>Isotopic composition</term>
<term>Isotopic compositions</term>
<term>Jaworowski</term>
<term>Large difference</term>
<term>Large quantities</term>
<term>Late generations</term>
<term>Leaf surfaces</term>
<term>Lower curve</term>
<term>Main mass</term>
<term>Mammal</term>
<term>Marine curve</term>
<term>Marine ecosystems</term>
<term>Marine plants</term>
<term>Medical community</term>
<term>Medieval times</term>
<term>Metabolic</term>
<term>Metabolic ratio</term>
<term>Metallurgical</term>
<term>Metallurgical development</term>
<term>Metallurgical engineering</term>
<term>Metallurgical engineers</term>
<term>Modern people</term>
<term>National academy</term>
<term>National research council</term>
<term>Nato conference series</term>
<term>Natural level</term>
<term>Natural levels</term>
<term>Natural ratio</term>
<term>Natural ratios</term>
<term>Northern hemisphere</term>
<term>Northern westerlies</term>
<term>Nriagu</term>
<term>Nutrient</term>
<term>Nutrient media</term>
<term>Occupational hazard</term>
<term>Open oceans</term>
<term>Organic fraction</term>
<term>Other countries</term>
<term>Other hand</term>
<term>Other types</term>
<term>Oxide minerals</term>
<term>Passive chelation</term>
<term>Pathway</term>
<term>Patterson</term>
<term>People today</term>
<term>Peruvian</term>
<term>Peruvian data</term>
<term>Peruvian diagenetic curve</term>
<term>Plant mass</term>
<term>Plenum press</term>
<term>Poisoning</term>
<term>Polluted</term>
<term>Positive transport</term>
<term>Prehistoric</term>
<term>Preindustrial times</term>
<term>Present forms</term>
<term>Primary consumers</term>
<term>Primary producer plants</term>
<term>Public health</term>
<term>Reduction smelting</term>
<term>Regional differences</term>
<term>Remote ecosystems</term>
<term>Remote lands</term>
<term>Remote regions</term>
<term>Roman aristocracy</term>
<term>Roman aristocrats</term>
<term>Roman bones</term>
<term>Rural rats</term>
<term>Sample collection</term>
<term>Sapa</term>
<term>Schaule</term>
<term>Schroeder</term>
<term>Scientific knowledge</term>
<term>Sediment</term>
<term>Simulation blanks</term>
<term>Skeletal concentrations</term>
<term>Smelting</term>
<term>Social institutions</term>
<term>Social problems</term>
<term>Soil moisture</term>
<term>Solar system</term>
<term>Southern hemisphere</term>
<term>Successive generations</term>
<term>Sulfide ores</term>
<term>Technological solution</term>
<term>Technological solutions</term>
<term>Terrestrial</term>
<term>Terrestrial ecosystems</term>
<term>Terrestrial food chains</term>
<term>Terrestrial plants</term>
<term>Terrestrial vertebrates</term>
<term>Tooth enamel</term>
<term>Total environ</term>
<term>Trace elements</term>
<term>Trace metals</term>
<term>Typical levels</term>
<term>Ultimate consumers</term>
<term>Upper curve</term>
<term>Urban areas</term>
<term>Urban regions</term>
<term>Vertebra bones</term>
<term>Waldron</term>
<term>Western cultures</term>
<term>World view</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Ahlgren</term>
<term>Algal surfaces</term>
<term>Alkyl</term>
<term>Alloy</term>
<term>Ancient bones</term>
<term>Ancient peruvians</term>
<term>Ancient population</term>
<term>Ancient populations</term>
<term>Anthropogenic aerosols</term>
<term>Anthropological studies</term>
<term>Apatite</term>
<term>Archaeological records</term>
<term>Artistic temperament</term>
<term>Average crustal rock</term>
<term>Barium</term>
<term>Benthic plants</term>
<term>Biochemical processes</term>
<term>Biosphere</term>
<term>Body burdens</term>
<term>Bone samples</term>
<term>Bones</term>
<term>Bony tissues</term>
<term>Brain cell level</term>
<term>Bronze swords</term>
<term>Burial site</term>
<term>Cell membranes</term>
<term>Cellular level</term>
<term>Chemical compositions</term>
<term>City rats</term>
<term>Contamination</term>
<term>Contemporary humans</term>
<term>Contemporary people</term>
<term>Continental shelves</term>
<term>Corrections</term>
<term>Crustal</term>
<term>Crustal rock</term>
<term>Cultural changes</term>
<term>Deposition fluxes</term>
<term>Diagenetic</term>
<term>Diagenetic additions</term>
<term>Diagenetic curve</term>
<term>Diagenetic effects</term>
<term>Different populations</term>
<term>Different types</term>
<term>Early developments</term>
<term>Earth planet</term>
<term>Eastern mediterrania</term>
<term>Economic chaos</term>
<term>Ecosystem</term>
<term>Elia</term>
<term>Enamel</term>
<term>Engineering development</term>
<term>Engineering technologies</term>
<term>Environ</term>
<term>Environmental factors</term>
<term>Environmental protection agency</term>
<term>Eolian inputs</term>
<term>Ericson</term>
<term>Excessive amounts</term>
<term>Flegal</term>
<term>Food cans</term>
<term>Food chain components</term>
<term>Food chain relationships</term>
<term>Food chains</term>
<term>Food containers</term>
<term>General case</term>
<term>Genetic basis</term>
<term>Gilfillan</term>
<term>Global</term>
<term>Global mass</term>
<term>Global scale</term>
<term>Grandjean</term>
<term>Great empire</term>
<term>Green wine</term>
<term>Health service</term>
<term>Hemispheric scale</term>
<term>Higher centers</term>
<term>Human bone</term>
<term>Human brain</term>
<term>Human cultures</term>
<term>Human diets</term>
<term>Human populations</term>
<term>Human tissues</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Humus</term>
<term>Industrial aerosols</term>
<term>Industrial pollution</term>
<term>Industrial revolution</term>
<term>Industrial sources</term>
<term>Industrial technologies</term>
<term>Initial stages</term>
<term>Intermediate depths</term>
<term>Isotope</term>
<term>Isotopic</term>
<term>Isotopic composition</term>
<term>Isotopic compositions</term>
<term>Jaworowski</term>
<term>Large difference</term>
<term>Large quantities</term>
<term>Late generations</term>
<term>Leaf surfaces</term>
<term>Lower curve</term>
<term>Main mass</term>
<term>Mammal</term>
<term>Marine curve</term>
<term>Marine ecosystems</term>
<term>Marine plants</term>
<term>Medical community</term>
<term>Medieval times</term>
<term>Metabolic</term>
<term>Metabolic ratio</term>
<term>Metallurgical</term>
<term>Metallurgical development</term>
<term>Metallurgical engineering</term>
<term>Metallurgical engineers</term>
<term>Modern people</term>
<term>National academy</term>
<term>National research council</term>
<term>Nato conference series</term>
<term>Natural level</term>
<term>Natural levels</term>
<term>Natural ratio</term>
<term>Natural ratios</term>
<term>Northern hemisphere</term>
<term>Northern westerlies</term>
<term>Nriagu</term>
<term>Nutrient</term>
<term>Nutrient media</term>
<term>Occupational hazard</term>
<term>Open oceans</term>
<term>Organic fraction</term>
<term>Other countries</term>
<term>Other hand</term>
<term>Other types</term>
<term>Oxide minerals</term>
<term>Passive chelation</term>
<term>Pathway</term>
<term>Patterson</term>
<term>People today</term>
<term>Peruvian</term>
<term>Peruvian data</term>
<term>Peruvian diagenetic curve</term>
<term>Plant mass</term>
<term>Plenum press</term>
<term>Poisoning</term>
<term>Polluted</term>
<term>Positive transport</term>
<term>Prehistoric</term>
<term>Preindustrial times</term>
<term>Present forms</term>
<term>Primary consumers</term>
<term>Primary producer plants</term>
<term>Public health</term>
<term>Reduction smelting</term>
<term>Regional differences</term>
<term>Remote ecosystems</term>
<term>Remote lands</term>
<term>Remote regions</term>
<term>Roman aristocracy</term>
<term>Roman aristocrats</term>
<term>Roman bones</term>
<term>Rural rats</term>
<term>Sample collection</term>
<term>Sapa</term>
<term>Schaule</term>
<term>Schroeder</term>
<term>Scientific knowledge</term>
<term>Sediment</term>
<term>Simulation blanks</term>
<term>Skeletal concentrations</term>
<term>Smelting</term>
<term>Social institutions</term>
<term>Social problems</term>
<term>Soil moisture</term>
<term>Solar system</term>
<term>Southern hemisphere</term>
<term>Successive generations</term>
<term>Sulfide ores</term>
<term>Technological solution</term>
<term>Technological solutions</term>
<term>Terrestrial</term>
<term>Terrestrial ecosystems</term>
<term>Terrestrial food chains</term>
<term>Terrestrial plants</term>
<term>Terrestrial vertebrates</term>
<term>Tooth enamel</term>
<term>Total environ</term>
<term>Trace elements</term>
<term>Trace metals</term>
<term>Typical levels</term>
<term>Ultimate consumers</term>
<term>Upper curve</term>
<term>Urban areas</term>
<term>Urban regions</term>
<term>Vertebra bones</term>
<term>Waldron</term>
<term>Western cultures</term>
<term>World view</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Alliage</term>
<term>Biosphère</term>
<term>écosystème</term>
<term>Service de santé</term>
<term>Pollution industrielle</term>
<term>Révolution industrielle</term>
<term>Santé publique</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
<langUsage><language ident="en">en</language>
</langUsage>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Concentrations of metabolic lead in buried ancient bones are obscured by replacement of calcium in apatite by excessive amounts of soil moisture Pb. Concentrations of metabolic barium in bones are affected in a similar way. Added soil Pb and Ba, expressed as log(PbCa) versus log(BaCa) among various bones at a given burial site, are positively covariant, with about 5-fold more soil Pb added for each unit of added soil Ba. The typical natural metabolic BaCa ratio in contemporary people can be measured unambiguously because it as unaffected by industrial pollution. It applies to ancient people because it has not changed historically. The intercept of the covariance curve for buried bones of a given ancient population at the known metabolic BaCa ratio indexes the corresponding metabolic PbCa ratio in bones of that population. Lead levels which prevailed in Romans appear to have been similar to those in contemporary people, which are ∼ 1000-fold above natural levels in humans determined by this method in ancient Peruvians. This indicates that studies of natural biochemical reactions in cells free of industrial Pb should be made, because most present biochemical knowledge is founded on data obtained from systems polluted with Ph 1000 to 100000-fold above natural levels. The 5000 year history of smelting Pb by humans indicates that a system of education fostered by genetically common lower brain center functions operated on hundreds of successive generations in a context of cultural changes invoked by feedback from developments in engineering technologies to give rise to the difference between present typical and prehistoric natural levels of Pb in humans. Archaeological and anthropological studies of early developments in writing, music and metallurgy by ancient Peruvians and Persian peoples should be combined with PET-scan studies of their descendants to discover if, as preliminary archaeological data suggest, the two ancient populations differed on a genetic basis in higher brain functions, yet are indistinguishable as metallurgical engineers. This would demonstrate that higher centers of the human brain did not exercise guiding control, through hundreds of generations, over those developments of engineering technologies which resulted in the extreme pollution of the earth's biosphere with poisonous Pb.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Japon</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Californie</li>
</region>
</list>
<tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Patterson, C C" sort="Patterson, C C" uniqKey="Patterson C" first="C. C." last="Patterson">C. C. Patterson</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Ericson, J E" sort="Ericson, J E" uniqKey="Ericson J" first="J. E." last="Ericson">J. E. Ericson</name>
</country>
<country name="Japon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Shirahata, H" sort="Shirahata, H" uniqKey="Shirahata H" first="H." last="Shirahata">H. Shirahata</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Musique/explor/MusiqueCeltiqueV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000F14 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000F14 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Musique |area= MusiqueCeltiqueV1 |flux= Main |étape= Exploration |type= RBID |clé= ISTEX:551CC9128AD23CD7E327CCB9FD54CF7E246C30BF |texte= Lead in ancient human bones and its relevance to historical developments of social problems with lead }}
This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38. |